Advanced WiFi controller discovery
A FortiAP unit can use any of six methods to locate a controller. By default, FortiAP units cycle through all six of the discovery methods. In most cases there is no need to make configuration changes on the FortiAP unit.
There are exceptions. The following section describes the WiFi controller discovery methods in more detail and provides information about configuration changes you might need to make so that discovery will work.
Controller discovery methods
There are six methods that a FortiAP unit can use to discover a WiFi controller. Below is the list of AC discovery methods used in sequence, if the FortiAP's discovery type is set to auto:
1(static) → 2(dhcp) → 3(dns) → 7(forticloud) → 5(multicast) → 6(broadcast)
For every discovery type, FortiAP sends out discovery requests and sets a timer, an interval defined as a random number of seconds (between 2-180, default is 5 seconds), which is set via the CLI:
CLI syntax
config wireless-controller timers
set discovery-interval 5
end
After the timeout is reached, FortiAP sends out another discovery request, up to a maximum of 3 times.
After about 3 - 15 seconds, if FortiAP has no AC connection, it will switch to another discovery type and repeat the above process until the last one (broadcast) fails, which will lead to SULKING state.
After about 30 seconds, FortiAP will go into an AC_IP_DISCVER state. After the AC IP is found, it will go to IDLE state, and will eventually go to the DISCOVERY state, and repeat the above process again.
Note that, while the process above is showcasing the auto discovery method, it's recommended to set the AC_DISCOVERY_TYPE to your used method in order to reduce downtime.
Static IP configuration
If FortiAP and the controller are not in the same subnet, broadcast and multicast packets cannot reach the controller. The admin can specify the controller’s static IP on the AP unit. The AP unit sends a discovery request message in unicast to the controller. Routing must be properly configured in both directions.
To specify the controller’s IP address on a FortiAP unit
cfg –a AC_IPADDR_1="192.168.0.100"
By default, the FortiAP unit receives its IP address, netmask, and gateway address by DHCP. If you prefer, you can assign these statically.
To assign a static IP address to the FortiAP unit
cfg -a ADDR_MODE=STATIC
cfg –a AP_IPADDR="192.168.0.100"
cfg -a AP_NETMASK="255.255.255.0"
cfg –a IPGW=192.168.0.1
cfg -c
For information about connecting to the FortiAP CLI, see Connecting to the FortiAP CLI.
DHCP
If you use DHCP to assign an IP address to your FortiAP unit, you can also provide the WiFi controller IP address at the same time. This is useful if the AP is located remotely from the WiFi controller and other discovery techniques will not work.
When you configure the DHCP server, configure Option 138 to specify the WiFi controller IP address. You need to convert the address into hexadecimal. Convert each octet value separately from left to right and concatenate them. For example, 192.168.0.1 converts to C0A80001.
If Option 138 is used for some other purpose on your network, you can use a different option number if you configure the AP units to match.
To change the FortiAP DHCP option code
To use option code 139 for example, enter
cfg –a AC_DISCOVERY_DHCP_OPTION_CODE=139
For information about connecting to the FortiAP CLI, see Connecting to the FortiAP CLI.
DNS
The access point can discover controllers through your domain name server (DNS). For the access point to do so, you must configure your DNS to return controller IP addresses in response. Allow DNS lookup of the hostname configured in the AP by using the AP parameter "AC_HOSTNAME_1".
By default, the AC_HOSTNAME_1 parameter is set to _capwap-control._udp.example.com.
To change the default parameter:
- In the FortiAP CLI, enter the following:
cfg -a AC_HOSTNAME_1=<yourcompany.com> cfg -c
- Add an A record to the DNS server to resolve the configured domain.
FortiCloud
The access point can discover FortiCloud by doing a DNS lookup of the hardcoded FortiCloud AP controller hostname "apctrl1.fortinet.com". The forticloud AC discovery technique finds the AC info from apctl1.fortinet.com using HTTPS.
FortiCloud APController: apctrl1.fortinet.com:443 208.91.113.187:443
Broadcast request
The AP unit broadcasts a discovery request message to the network and the controller replies. The AP and the controller must be in the same broadcast domain. No configuration adjustments are required.
Multicast request
The AP unit sends a multicast discovery request and the controller replies with a unicast discovery response message. The AP and the controller do not need to be in the same broadcast domain if multicast routing is properly configured.
The default multicast destination address is 224.0.1.140. It can be changed through the CLI. The address must be same on the controller and AP.
To change the multicast address on the controller
config wireless-controller global
set discovery-mc-addr 224.0.1.250
end
To change the multicast address on a FortiAP unit
cfg –a AC_DISCOVERY_MC_ADDR="224.0.1.250"
For information about connecting to the FortiAP CLI, see Advanced WiFi controller discovery.