SIP rate limiting

Configurable threshold for SIP message rates per request method. Protects SIP servers from SIP overload and DoS attacks.

SIP rate limiting

FortiGates support rate limiting for the following types of VoIP traffic:

• Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
• Skinny Call Control Protocol (SCCP) (most versions)
• Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE).

You can use rate limiting of these VoIP protocols to protect the FortiGate and your network from SIP and SCCP Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. Rate limiting protects against SIP DoS attacks by limiting the number of SIP REGISTER and INVITE requests that the FortiGate receives per second. Rate limiting protects against SCCP DoS attacks by limiting the number of SCCP call setup messages that the FortiGate receives per minute.

You configure rate limiting for a message type by specifying a limit for the number of messages that can be received per second. The rate is limited per security policy. When VoIP rate limiting is enabled for a message type, if the a single security policy accepts more messages per second than the configured rate, the extra messages are dropped and log messages are written when the messages are dropped.

Use the following command to configure a VoIP profile to limit the number of INVITE messages accepted by each security policy that the VoIP profile is added to 100 INVITE messages a second:

config voip profile

edit VoIP_Pro_Name

config sip

set invite-rate 100

end

end

If you are experiencing denial of service attacks from traffic using these VoIP protocols, you can enable VoIP rate limiting and limit the rates for your network. Limit the rates depending on the amount of SIP and SCCP traffic that you expect the FortiGate to be handling. You can adjust the settings if some calls are lost or if the amount of SIP or SCCP traffic is affecting FortiGate performance.

The table below lists all of the VoIP profile SIP rate limiting options. All of these options are set to 0 so are disabled by default.

Blocking SIP OPTIONS messages may prevent a redundant configuration from operating correctly. See Supporting geographic redundancy when blocking OPTIONS messages for information about resolving this problem.

Options for SIP rate limiting

SIP request message	Rate Limiting CLI Option
ACK	ack-rate
BYE	bye-rate
Cancel	cancel-rate
INFO	info-rate
INVITE	invite-rate
Message	message-rate
Notify	notify-rate
Options	options-rate
PRACK	prack-rate
Publish	publish-rate
Refer	refer-rate
Register	register-rate
Subscribe	subscribe-rate
Update	update-rate