Running speed tests from the hub to the spokes in dial-up IPsec tunnels

In this example, the hub is configured as a VPN dial-up server and both of the spokes are connected to the hub. It is assumed that the VPN configuration is already done, with a dynamic gateway type and kernel device creation (net-device) disabled. Only one SD-WAN interface is used, so there is only one VPN overlay member in the SD-WAN zone. Multiple WAN interfaces and VPN overlays could be used.

The VPN interfaces and IP addresses are:

FortiGate	Interface	IP Address
FGT_A (Hub)	hub-phase1	10.10.100.254
FGT_B (Spoke)	spoke11-p1	10.10.100.2
FGT_D (Spoke)	spoke21-p1	10.10.100.3

A recurring speed test is configured that runs on the hub over the dial-up interfaces. The speed tests are performed over the underlay interface from the hub to the spoke. Each spoke is configured to operate as a speed test server and to allow the speed test to run on its underlay interface. The spokes establish BGP peering with the hub over the VPN interface, and advertises its loopback network to the hub. The specific configuration is only shown for FGT_B.

When the speed test is running, routing through the VPN overlay can be bypassed, and route maps are used to filter the routes that are advertised to peers. The spoke's route map does not advertise any routes to the peer, forcing the hub to use others paths to reach the spoke's network.

When no speed tests are running, the spoke's route map allows its network to be advertised on the hub.

When the speed test is complete, the measured egress bandwidth is dynamically applied to the VPN tunnel on the hub, and the result is cached for future use, in case the tunnel is disconnected and reconnected again.

To configure the hub FortiGate (FGT_A) as the speed-test client:

1. Configure a shaping profile:

   config firewall shaping-profile
       edit "profile_1"
           config shaping-entries
               edit 1
                   set class-id 2
                   set priority low
                   set guaranteed-bandwidth-percentage 10
                   set maximum-bandwidth-percentage 10
               next
           end
           set default-class-id 2
       next
   end

   Three classes are used in the profile for low, medium, and high priority traffic. Each class is assigned a guaranteed and maximum bandwidth as a percentage of the measured bandwidth from the speed test.

2. Configure a shaping policy to assign certain traffic as a class ID:

   In this example, all traffic destined to the dialup tunnels are assigned class 3.

   config firewall shaping-policy
       edit 2
           set service "ALL"
           set schedule "always"
           set dstintf "hub-phase1" "hub2-phase1"
           set class-id 3
           set srcaddr "all"
           set dstaddr "all"
       next
   end

3. Use the shaping profile in the interface:

   config system interface
       edit "hub-phase1"
           set egress-shaping-profile "profile_1"
       next
   end

4. Configure a schedule to use for the speed tests:

   config firewall schedule recurring
       edit "speedtest_recurring"
           set start 01:00
           set end 23:00
           set day monday tuesday wednesday thursday friday saturday
       next
   end

5. Configure the speed test schedule:

   The custom controller port used for authentication is set to 6000, and the custom port used to run the speed tests is set to 7000. The shaping profile is set to local.

   config system speed-test-schedule
       edit "hub-phase1"
           set schedules "speedtest_recurring"
           set dynamic-server enable
           set ctrl-port 6000
           set server-port 7000
           set update-shaper remote
       next
   end

To configure the spoke FortiGates (FGT_B) as a speed test server:

1. Enable a speed test server with custom speed-test listening ports:

   A speed test server is enabled on the hub. Port 7000 will run speed tests, and port 6000 will be the controller used to issue access tokens for speed test authentication.

   config system global
        set speedtest-server enable
        set speedtestd-ctrl-port 6000
        set speedtestd-server-port 7000
   end

2. Allow speed tests on the underlay:

   config system interface
       edit "port1"
           append allowaccess speed-test
       next
   end

3. Allow speed tests on the overlay:

   config system interface                
       edit "hub-spoke11-p1" 
           set allowaccess ping speed-test      
           ...
           set interface "port1"
       next
   end

4. Configure SD-WAN with bypass routing enabled for speed tests on member spoke11-p1:

   config system sdwan
       set speedtest-bypass-routing enable
       config members
           edit 1
               set interface "spoke11-p1"
           next
       end
       config neighbor
           edit "10.10.100.254"
               set member 1
               set mode speedtest
           next
       end
   end

5. Configure BGP routing:

   config router route-map
       edit "No_Speed-Test"
           config rule
               edit 1
                   set action permit
               next
           end
       next
       edit "Start_Speed-Test"
           config rule
               edit 1
                   set action deny
               next
           end
       next
   end
   config router bgp
       set as 65412
       config neighbor
           edit "10.10.100.254"
               set advertisement-interval 1
               set remote-as 65412
               set route-map-out "Start_Speed-Test"
               set route-map-out-preferable "No_Speed-Test"
           next
       end
       config network
           edit 1
               set prefix 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
           next
           edit 2
               set prefix 10.1.100.0 255.255.255.0
           next
       end
   end

Results

1. Before the speed test starts, FGT_A can receive the route from FGT_B by BGP:

   # get router info routing-table bgp
   Routing table for VRF=0
   B       2.2.2.2/32 [200/0] via 10.10.100.2 (recursive via 172.16.200.2, hub-phase1), 00:00:10
   B       10.1.100.0/24 [200/0] via 10.10.100.2 (recursive via 172.16.200.2, hub-phase1), 00:00:10

2. At the scheduled time, the speed test starts for the hub-phase1 interface from hub to spoke:

   # diagnose test application forticron 9
   Speed test schedules:
       Interface     Server     Update    Up/Down-limit (kbps)                Days        H:M     TOS     Schedule
   ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       hub-phase1    dynamic                                                  1111111    14:41    0x00    speedtest_recurring
   Active schedules:
           64002f: hub-phase1(port1) 172.16.200.2     hub-phase1_1 
           64002e: hub-phase1(port1) 172.16.200.4     hub-phase1_0

   The diagnose debug application speedtest -1 command can be used on both the hub and spokes to check the speed test execution.

3. While the speed test is running, FGT_A does not receive the route from FGT_B by BGP:

   #  get router info routing-table bgp
   Routing table for VRF=0

4. Speed tests results can be dynamically applied to the dial-up tunnel for egress traffic shaping:

   # diagnose vpn tunnel list
   ------------------------------------------------------
   name=hub-phase1_0 ver=2 serial=c 172.16.200.1:0->172.16.200.4:0 tun_id=172.16.200.4 dst_mtu=1500 dpd-link=on remote_location=0.0.0.0 weight=1
   ...
   egress traffic control:
           bandwidth=737210(kbps) lock_hit=0 default_class=2 n_active_class=3     
           class-id=2      allocated-bandwidth=73720(kbps)         guaranteed-bandwidth=73720(kbps)
                           max-bandwidth=73720(kbps)       current-bandwidth=0(kbps)
                           priority=low    forwarded_bytes=52
                           dropped_packets=0       dropped_bytes=0
           class-id=3      allocated-bandwidth=221163(kbps)        guaranteed-bandwidth=221162(kbps)
                           max-bandwidth=294883(kbps)      current-bandwidth=0(kbps)
                           priority=medium         forwarded_bytes=0
                           dropped_packets=0       dropped_bytes=0
           class-id=4      allocated-bandwidth=442325(kbps)        guaranteed-bandwidth=147441(kbps)
                           max-bandwidth=442325(kbps)      current-bandwidth=0(kbps)
                           priority=high   forwarded_bytes=0
                           dropped_packets=0       dropped_bytes=0
   ------------------------------------------------------
   name=hub-phase1_1 ver=2 serial=d 172.16.200.1:0->172.16.200.2:0 tun_id=172.16.200.2 dst_mtu=1500 dpd-link=on remote_location=0.0.0.0 weight=1
   ...
   egress traffic control:
           bandwidth=726813(kbps) lock_hit=0 default_class=2 n_active_class=3  
           class-id=2      allocated-bandwidth=72681(kbps)         guaranteed-bandwidth=72681(kbps)              
                           max-bandwidth=72681(kbps)       current-bandwidth=0(kbps)
                           priority=low    forwarded_bytes=123
                           dropped_packets=0       dropped_bytes=0
           class-id=3      allocated-bandwidth=218044(kbps)        guaranteed-bandwidth=218043(kbps)
                           max-bandwidth=290725(kbps)      current-bandwidth=0(kbps)
                           priority=medium         forwarded_bytes=0
                           dropped_packets=0       dropped_bytes=0
           class-id=4      allocated-bandwidth=436087(kbps)        guaranteed-bandwidth=145362(kbps)
                           max-bandwidth=436087(kbps)      current-bandwidth=0(kbps)
                           priority=high   forwarded_bytes=0
                           dropped_packets=0       dropped_bytes=0

5. Speed test results can be cached, indexed, and written to disk:

   # diagnose test application forticron 10
   Speed test results:
   1: vdom=root, phase1intf=hub-phase1, peer-id='spoke11-p1', bandwidth=737210, last_log=1624226603
   2: vdom=root, phase1intf=hub-phase1, peer-id='spoke21-p1', bandwidth=726813, last_log=1624226614
   

   # diagnose test application forticron 11
   Write 2 logs to disk.
   

   # diagnose test application forticron 12
   load 2 results.

   Disable then reenable the IPsec VPN tunnel and the cached speed test results can be applied to the tunnel again:

   # diagnose vpn tunnel list
   ------------------------------------------------------
   name=hub-phase1_0 ver=2 serial=c 172.16.200.1:0->172.16.200.4:0 tun_id=172.16.200.4 dst_mtu=1500 dpd-link=on remote_location=0.0.0.0 weight=1
   ...
   egress traffic control:
           bandwidth=737210(kbps) lock_hit=0 default_class=2 n_active_class=3
   ------------------------------------------------------
   name=hub-phase1_1 ver=2 serial=d 172.16.200.1:0->172.16.200.2:0 tun_id=172.16.200.2 dst_mtu=1500 dpd-link=on remote_location=0.0.0.0 weight=1
   ...
   egress traffic control:
           bandwidth=726813(kbps) lock_hit=0 default_class=2 n_active_class=3