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FortiGate 1800F and 1801F fast path architecture

FortiGate 1800F and 1801F fast path architecture

The FortiGate 1800F and 1801F models feature the following front panel interfaces:

  • Two 1 GigE RJ45 (MGMT1 and MGMT2), not connected to the NP7 processor.
  • Two 10 GigE SFP+ (HA1 and HA2), not connected to the NP7 processor.
  • Sixteen 10/100/1000BASE-T RJ45 (1 to 16).
  • Eight 1 GigE SFP (17 to 24).
  • Twelve 10/25 GigE SFP+/SFP28 (25 to 36), interface groups: 25 - 28, 29 - 32, and 33 - 36.
  • Four 40 GigE QSFP+ (37 to 40).

The FortiGate 1800F and 1801F each include one NP7 processor. All front panel data interfaces and the NP7 processor connect to the integrated switch fabric (ISF). All data traffic passes from the data interfaces through the ISF to the NP7 processor. All supported traffic passing between any two data interfaces can be offloaded by the NP7 processor. Data traffic processed by the CPU takes a dedicated data path through the ISF and the NP7 processor to the CPU.

The MGMT interfaces are not connected to the NP7 processor. Management traffic passes to the CPU over a dedicated management path that is separate from the data path. You can also dedicate separate CPU resources for management traffic to further isolate management processing from data processing (see Dedicated management CPU).

The HA interfaces are also not connected to the NP7 processor. To help provide better HA stability and resiliency, HA traffic uses a dedicated physical control path that provides HA control traffic separation from data traffic processing.

The separation of management and HA traffic from data traffic keeps management and HA traffic from affecting the stability and performance of data traffic processing.

You can use the following command to display the FortiGate 1800F or 1801F NP7 configuration. The command output shows a single NP7 named NP#0 is connected to all interfaces. This interface to NP7 mapping is also shown in the diagram above.

diagnose npu np7 port-list 
name   max_speed(Mbps) np_group        switch_id sw_port_id sw_port_name 
------ --------------- --------------- --------- ---------- ------------ 
port1  1000            NP#0            0         3          ge1          
port2  1000            NP#0            0         2          ge0          
port3  1000            NP#0            0         5          ge3          
port4  1000            NP#0            0         4          ge2          
port5  1000            NP#0            0         7          ge5          
port6  1000            NP#0            0         6          ge4          
port7  1000            NP#0            0         9          ge7          
port8  1000            NP#0            0         8          ge6          
port9  1000            NP#0            0         11         ge9          
port10 1000            NP#0            0         10         ge8          
port11 1000            NP#0            0         13         ge11         
port12 1000            NP#0            0         12         ge10         
port13 1000            NP#0            0         15         ge13         
port14 1000            NP#0            0         14         ge12         
port15 1000            NP#0            0         17         ge15         
port16 1000            NP#0            0         16         ge14         
port17 1000            NP#0            0         18         ge16         
port18 1000            NP#0            0         19         ge17         
port19 1000            NP#0            0         20         ge18         
port20 1000            NP#0            0         21         ge19         
port21 1000            NP#0            0         22         ge20         
port22 1000            NP#0            0         23         ge21         
port23 1000            NP#0            0         24         ge22         
port24 1000            NP#0            0         25         ge23         
port25 25000           NP#0            1         15         xe14         
port26 25000           NP#0            1         16         xe15         
port27 25000           NP#0            1         13         xe12         
port28 25000           NP#0            1         14         xe13         
port29 25000           NP#0            1         19         xe18         
port30 25000           NP#0            1         20         xe19         
port31 25000           NP#0            1         17         xe16         
port32 25000           NP#0            1         18         xe17         
port33 25000           NP#0            1         23         xe22         
port34 25000           NP#0            1         24         xe23         
port35 25000           NP#0            1         21         xe20         
port36 25000           NP#0            1         22         xe21         
port37 40000           NP#0            1         29         xe25         
port38 40000           NP#0            1         25         xe24         
port39 40000           NP#0            1         33         xe26         
port40 40000           NP#0            1         37         xe27         
NP PORTS:
name   switch_id sw_port_id sw_port_name 
------ --------- ---------- ------------ 
np0_0  1         41         ce0          
np0_1  1         45         ce1   

The command output also shows the maximum speeds of each interface. Also, interfaces 1 to 24 are connected to one switch and interfaces 25 to 40 are connected to another switch. Both of these switches make up the internal switch fabric, which connects the interfaces to the NP7 processor, the CPU, and the four CP9 processors.

The NP7 processor has a bandwidth capacity of 200 Gigabits. You can see from the command output that if all interfaces were operating at their maximum bandwidth the NP7 processor would not be able to offload all the traffic.

The FortiGate-1800F and 1801F can be licensed for hyperscale firewall support, see the Hyperscale Firewall Guide.

Interface groups and changing data interface speeds

FortiGate-1800F and 1801F front panel data interfaces 25 to 36 are divided into the following groups:

  • port25 - port28
  • port29 - port32
  • port33 - port36

All of the interfaces in a group operate at the same speed. Changing the speed of an interface changes the speeds of all of the interfaces in the same group. For example, if you change the speed of port26 from 10Gbps to 25Gbps the speeds of port25 to port28 are also changed to 25Gbps.

Another example, the default speed of the port25 to port36 interfaces is 10Gbps. If you want to install 25GigE transceivers in port29 to port36 to convert all of these data interfaces to connect to 25Gbps networks, you can enter the following from the CLI:

config system interface

edit port29

set speed 25000full

next

edit port33

set speed 25000full

end

Every time you change a data interface speed, when you enter the end command, the CLI confirms the range of interfaces affected by the change. For example, if you change the speed of port29 the following message appears:

config system interface

edit port29

set speed 25000full

end

port29-port32 speed will be changed to 25000full due to hardware limit.

Do you want to continue? (y/n)

Configuring NPU port mapping

You can use the following command to configure FortiGate-1800F and 1801F NPU port mapping:

config system npu

config port-npu-map

edit <interface-name>

set npu-group-index <index>

end

You can use the port map to assign data interfaces to NP7 links.

Each NP7 has two 100-Gigabit KR links, numbered 0 and 1. Traffic passes to the NP7 over these links. By default the two links operate as a LAG that distributes sessions to the NP7 processor. You can configure the NPU port map to assign interfaces to use one or the other of the NP7 links instead of sending sessions over the LAG.

<index> varies depending on the NP7 processors available in your FortGate.

For the FortiGate-1800F <index> can be 0, 1, or 2:

  • 0, assign the interface to NP#0, the default, the interface is connected to the LAG. Traffic from the interface is distributed to both links.
  • 1, assign the interface to NP#0-link0, to connect the interface to NP7 link 0. Traffic from the interface is set to link 0.
  • 2, assign the interface to NP#0-link1, to connect the interface to NP7 link 1. Traffic from the interface is set to link 1.

For example, use the following syntax to assign the FortiGate-1800F front panel 40Gigabit interfaces 37 and 38 to NP#0-link0 and interfaces 39 and 40 to NP#0-link 1. The resulting configuration splits traffic from the 40Gigabit interfaces between the two NP7 links:

config system npu

config port-npu-map

edit port37

set npu-group-index 1

next

edit port38

set npu-group-index 1

next

edit port39

set npu-group-index 2

next

edit port40

set npu-group-index 2

end

end

You can use the diagnose npu np7 port-list command to see the current NPU port map configuration. While the FortiGate-1800F or 1801F is processing traffic, you can use the diagnose npu np7 cgmac-stats <npu-id> command to show how traffic is distributed to the NP7 links.

For example, after making the changes described in the example, the np_group column of the diagnose npu np7 port-list command output for port37 to port40 shows the new mapping:

diagnose npu np7 port-list 
name   max_speed(Mbps) np_group        switch_id sw_port_id sw_port_name 
------ --------------- --------------- --------- ---------- ------------ 
.
.
.
port37 40000           NP#0-link0      1         29         xe25         
port38 40000           NP#0-link0      1         25         xe24         
port39 40000           NP#0-link1      1         33         xe26         
port40 40000           NP#0-link1      1         37         xe27         

FortiGate 1800F and 1801F fast path architecture

The FortiGate 1800F and 1801F models feature the following front panel interfaces:

  • Two 1 GigE RJ45 (MGMT1 and MGMT2), not connected to the NP7 processor.
  • Two 10 GigE SFP+ (HA1 and HA2), not connected to the NP7 processor.
  • Sixteen 10/100/1000BASE-T RJ45 (1 to 16).
  • Eight 1 GigE SFP (17 to 24).
  • Twelve 10/25 GigE SFP+/SFP28 (25 to 36), interface groups: 25 - 28, 29 - 32, and 33 - 36.
  • Four 40 GigE QSFP+ (37 to 40).

The FortiGate 1800F and 1801F each include one NP7 processor. All front panel data interfaces and the NP7 processor connect to the integrated switch fabric (ISF). All data traffic passes from the data interfaces through the ISF to the NP7 processor. All supported traffic passing between any two data interfaces can be offloaded by the NP7 processor. Data traffic processed by the CPU takes a dedicated data path through the ISF and the NP7 processor to the CPU.

The MGMT interfaces are not connected to the NP7 processor. Management traffic passes to the CPU over a dedicated management path that is separate from the data path. You can also dedicate separate CPU resources for management traffic to further isolate management processing from data processing (see Dedicated management CPU).

The HA interfaces are also not connected to the NP7 processor. To help provide better HA stability and resiliency, HA traffic uses a dedicated physical control path that provides HA control traffic separation from data traffic processing.

The separation of management and HA traffic from data traffic keeps management and HA traffic from affecting the stability and performance of data traffic processing.

You can use the following command to display the FortiGate 1800F or 1801F NP7 configuration. The command output shows a single NP7 named NP#0 is connected to all interfaces. This interface to NP7 mapping is also shown in the diagram above.

diagnose npu np7 port-list 
name   max_speed(Mbps) np_group        switch_id sw_port_id sw_port_name 
------ --------------- --------------- --------- ---------- ------------ 
port1  1000            NP#0            0         3          ge1          
port2  1000            NP#0            0         2          ge0          
port3  1000            NP#0            0         5          ge3          
port4  1000            NP#0            0         4          ge2          
port5  1000            NP#0            0         7          ge5          
port6  1000            NP#0            0         6          ge4          
port7  1000            NP#0            0         9          ge7          
port8  1000            NP#0            0         8          ge6          
port9  1000            NP#0            0         11         ge9          
port10 1000            NP#0            0         10         ge8          
port11 1000            NP#0            0         13         ge11         
port12 1000            NP#0            0         12         ge10         
port13 1000            NP#0            0         15         ge13         
port14 1000            NP#0            0         14         ge12         
port15 1000            NP#0            0         17         ge15         
port16 1000            NP#0            0         16         ge14         
port17 1000            NP#0            0         18         ge16         
port18 1000            NP#0            0         19         ge17         
port19 1000            NP#0            0         20         ge18         
port20 1000            NP#0            0         21         ge19         
port21 1000            NP#0            0         22         ge20         
port22 1000            NP#0            0         23         ge21         
port23 1000            NP#0            0         24         ge22         
port24 1000            NP#0            0         25         ge23         
port25 25000           NP#0            1         15         xe14         
port26 25000           NP#0            1         16         xe15         
port27 25000           NP#0            1         13         xe12         
port28 25000           NP#0            1         14         xe13         
port29 25000           NP#0            1         19         xe18         
port30 25000           NP#0            1         20         xe19         
port31 25000           NP#0            1         17         xe16         
port32 25000           NP#0            1         18         xe17         
port33 25000           NP#0            1         23         xe22         
port34 25000           NP#0            1         24         xe23         
port35 25000           NP#0            1         21         xe20         
port36 25000           NP#0            1         22         xe21         
port37 40000           NP#0            1         29         xe25         
port38 40000           NP#0            1         25         xe24         
port39 40000           NP#0            1         33         xe26         
port40 40000           NP#0            1         37         xe27         
NP PORTS:
name   switch_id sw_port_id sw_port_name 
------ --------- ---------- ------------ 
np0_0  1         41         ce0          
np0_1  1         45         ce1   

The command output also shows the maximum speeds of each interface. Also, interfaces 1 to 24 are connected to one switch and interfaces 25 to 40 are connected to another switch. Both of these switches make up the internal switch fabric, which connects the interfaces to the NP7 processor, the CPU, and the four CP9 processors.

The NP7 processor has a bandwidth capacity of 200 Gigabits. You can see from the command output that if all interfaces were operating at their maximum bandwidth the NP7 processor would not be able to offload all the traffic.

The FortiGate-1800F and 1801F can be licensed for hyperscale firewall support, see the Hyperscale Firewall Guide.

Interface groups and changing data interface speeds

FortiGate-1800F and 1801F front panel data interfaces 25 to 36 are divided into the following groups:

  • port25 - port28
  • port29 - port32
  • port33 - port36

All of the interfaces in a group operate at the same speed. Changing the speed of an interface changes the speeds of all of the interfaces in the same group. For example, if you change the speed of port26 from 10Gbps to 25Gbps the speeds of port25 to port28 are also changed to 25Gbps.

Another example, the default speed of the port25 to port36 interfaces is 10Gbps. If you want to install 25GigE transceivers in port29 to port36 to convert all of these data interfaces to connect to 25Gbps networks, you can enter the following from the CLI:

config system interface

edit port29

set speed 25000full

next

edit port33

set speed 25000full

end

Every time you change a data interface speed, when you enter the end command, the CLI confirms the range of interfaces affected by the change. For example, if you change the speed of port29 the following message appears:

config system interface

edit port29

set speed 25000full

end

port29-port32 speed will be changed to 25000full due to hardware limit.

Do you want to continue? (y/n)

Configuring NPU port mapping

You can use the following command to configure FortiGate-1800F and 1801F NPU port mapping:

config system npu

config port-npu-map

edit <interface-name>

set npu-group-index <index>

end

You can use the port map to assign data interfaces to NP7 links.

Each NP7 has two 100-Gigabit KR links, numbered 0 and 1. Traffic passes to the NP7 over these links. By default the two links operate as a LAG that distributes sessions to the NP7 processor. You can configure the NPU port map to assign interfaces to use one or the other of the NP7 links instead of sending sessions over the LAG.

<index> varies depending on the NP7 processors available in your FortGate.

For the FortiGate-1800F <index> can be 0, 1, or 2:

  • 0, assign the interface to NP#0, the default, the interface is connected to the LAG. Traffic from the interface is distributed to both links.
  • 1, assign the interface to NP#0-link0, to connect the interface to NP7 link 0. Traffic from the interface is set to link 0.
  • 2, assign the interface to NP#0-link1, to connect the interface to NP7 link 1. Traffic from the interface is set to link 1.

For example, use the following syntax to assign the FortiGate-1800F front panel 40Gigabit interfaces 37 and 38 to NP#0-link0 and interfaces 39 and 40 to NP#0-link 1. The resulting configuration splits traffic from the 40Gigabit interfaces between the two NP7 links:

config system npu

config port-npu-map

edit port37

set npu-group-index 1

next

edit port38

set npu-group-index 1

next

edit port39

set npu-group-index 2

next

edit port40

set npu-group-index 2

end

end

You can use the diagnose npu np7 port-list command to see the current NPU port map configuration. While the FortiGate-1800F or 1801F is processing traffic, you can use the diagnose npu np7 cgmac-stats <npu-id> command to show how traffic is distributed to the NP7 links.

For example, after making the changes described in the example, the np_group column of the diagnose npu np7 port-list command output for port37 to port40 shows the new mapping:

diagnose npu np7 port-list 
name   max_speed(Mbps) np_group        switch_id sw_port_id sw_port_name 
------ --------------- --------------- --------- ---------- ------------ 
.
.
.
port37 40000           NP#0-link0      1         29         xe25         
port38 40000           NP#0-link0      1         25         xe24         
port39 40000           NP#0-link1      1         33         xe26         
port40 40000           NP#0-link1      1         37         xe27