Administration Guide

Getting started
- Summary of steps
- Using the GUI
- Using the CLI
- Configuration and management
- Product registration with FortiCare
- FortiGate models
Dashboards and Monitors
- Using dashboards
- Using widgets
- Viewing device dashboards in the Security Fabric
- Creating a fabric system and license dashboard
- Dashboards
- Monitors
Network
- Interfaces
  - Interface settings
  - Physical interface
  - VLAN
  - Aggregation and redundancy
  - Loopback interface
  - Software switch
  - Hardware switch
  - Zone
  - Virtual wire pair
    - PRP handling in NAT mode with virtual wire pair
    - Using VLAN sub-interfaces in virtual wire pairs
  - Enhanced MAC VLAN
  - VXLAN
- DNS
  - Important DNS CLI commands
  - DNS domain list
  - FortiGate DNS server
    - Basic DNS server configuration example
  - DDNS
  - DNS latency information
  - DNS over TLS and HTTPS
  - Transparent conditional DNS forwarder
  - Interfaces in non-management VDOMs as the source IP address of the DNS conditional forwarding server
  - DNS session helpers
  - DNS troubleshooting
- Explicit and transparent proxies
  - Explicit web proxy
  - FTP proxy
  - Transparent proxy
  - Proxy policy addresses
  - Proxy policy security profiles
  - Explicit proxy authentication
  - Transparent web proxy forwarding
  - Transparent web proxy forwarding over IPv6
  - Upstream proxy authentication in transparent proxy mode
  - Multiple dynamic header count
  - Restricted SaaS access
  - Explicit proxy and FortiGate Cloud Sandbox
  - Proxy chaining
  - WAN optimization SSL proxy chaining
  - Agentless NTLM authentication for web proxy
  - Multiple LDAP servers in Kerberos keytabs and agentless NTLM domain controllers
  - Learn client IP addresses
  - Explicit proxy authentication over HTTPS
  - mTLS client certificate authentication
  - CORS protocol in explicit web proxy when using session-based, cookie-enabled, and captive portal-enabled SAML authentication
  - Display CORS content in an explicit proxy environment
  - HTTP connection coalescing and concurrent multiplexing for explicit proxy
  - Secure explicit proxy
  - Secure explicit proxy with client certificates
  - Explicit proxy logging
  - Configuring fast fallback for explicit proxy
  - Forward HTTPS requests to a web server without the need for an HTTP CONNECT message
- DHCP servers and relays
  - Basic configuration
  - DHCP options
  - DHCP addressing mode on an interface
  - VCI pattern matching for DHCP assignment
  - DHCP shared subnet
  - Multiple DHCP relay servers
  - DHCP smart relay on interfaces with a secondary IP
  - FortiGate DHCP works with DDNS to allow FQDN connectivity to leased IP addresses
- Static routing
  - Routing concepts
  - Policy routes
  - Equal cost multi-path
  - Dual internet connections
- Dynamic routing
  - RIP
    - Basic RIP example
    - Basic RIPng example
  - OSPF
  - BGP
  - BFD
    - BFD for multihop path for BGP
  - Routing objects
- Multicast
  - Multicast routing and PIM support
  - Configuring multicast forwarding
  - Using IPS inspection for multicast UDP traffic
- FortiExtender
  - Adding a FortiExtender
- Direct IP support for LTE/4G
- Cellular interface support for IPv6
- Active SIM card switching
- Airplane mode and LTE/BLE
- Upgrade LTE modem firmware directly from FortiGuard
- LLDP reception
- Virtual routing and forwarding
  - Implementing VRF
  - VRF routing support
  - Route leaking between VRFs with BGP
  - Route leaking between multiple VRFs
  - VRF with IPv6
  - IBGP and EBGP support in VRF
  - Support cross-VRF local-in and local-out traffic for local services
- NetFlow
  - NetFlow templates
  - NetFlow on FortiExtender and tunnel interfaces
  - Allow multiple Netflow collectors
- sFlow
- Link monitor
  - Link monitor with route updates
  - Enable or disable updating policy routes when link health monitor fails
  - Add weight setting on each link health monitor server
  - SLA link monitoring for dynamic IPsec and SSL VPN tunnels
- IPv6
  - IPv6 overview
  - IPv6 quick start
  - Neighbor discovery proxy
  - IPv6 address assignment
  - NAT66, NAT46, NAT64, and DNS64
  - DHCPv6 relay
  - IPv6 tunneling
  - IPv6 Simple Network Management Protocol
  - Dynamic routing in IPv6
    - OSPFv3 and IPv6
    - BGP and IPv6
  - IPv6 configuration examples
- FortiGate LAN extension
  - Example CLI configuration
  - Example GUI configuration
  - DHCP client mode for inter-VDOM links
  - FortiGate secure edge to FortiSASE
  - WiFi access point with internet connectivity
- SCTP packets with zero checksum on the NP7 platform
- Industrial Connectivity
- Diagnostics
  - Using the packet capture tool
  - Using the debug flow tool
SD-WAN
- SD-WAN overview
  - SD-WAN components and design principles
  - SD-WAN designs and architectures
- SD-WAN quick start
- SD-WAN members and zones
  - Specify an SD-WAN zone in static routes and SD-WAN rules
  - Defining a preferred source IP for local-out egress interfaces on SD-WAN members
- Performance SLA
- SD-WAN rules
- Advanced routing
- VPN overlay
- Advanced configuration
- SD-WAN cloud on-ramp
- SD-WAN Network Monitor service
- Troubleshooting SD-WAN
Zero Trust Network Access
- Zero Trust Network Access introduction
- ZTNA advanced configurations
- ZTNA configuration examples
- ZTNA troubleshooting and debugging commands
- ZTNA troubleshooting scenarios
Policy and Objects
- Policies
- Address objects
- Protocol options
  - Stripping the X-Forwarded-For value in the HTTP header
- Traffic shaping
- Internet Services
Security Profiles
- Inspection modes
  - Flow mode inspection (default mode)
  - Proxy mode inspection
  - Inspection mode feature comparison
- Antivirus
  - Antivirus introduction
  - Advanced configurations
  - Configuration examples
- Web filter
  - Web filter introduction
  - Advanced CLI configuration
  - Configuration examples
    - Configuring web filter profiles with Hebrew domain names
    - Configuring web filter profiles to block AI and cryptocurrency
- Video filter
  - Filtering based on FortiGuard categories
  - Filtering based on YouTube channel
  - Filtering based on title
  - Filtering based on description
  - Configuring a video filter keyword list
  - Replacement messages displayed in blocked videos
- DNS filter
  - Configuring a DNS filter profile
  - FortiGuard category-based DNS domain filtering
  - Botnet C&C domain blocking
  - DNS safe search
  - Local domain filter
  - DNS translation
  - Applying DNS filter to FortiGate DNS server
  - DNS inspection with DoT and DoH
  - DNS over QUIC and DNS over HTTP3 for transparent and local-in DNS modes
  - Troubleshooting for DNS filter
- Application control
  - Configuring an application sensor
  - Basic category filters and overrides
  - Excluding signatures in application control profiles
  - Port enforcement check
  - Protocol enforcement
  - SSL-based application detection over decrypted traffic in a sandwich topology
  - Matching multiple parameters on application control signatures
  - Application signature dissector for DNP3
- Inline CASB
  - Inline CASB examples
- Intrusion prevention
  - Signature-based defense
  - Configuring an IPS sensor
  - IPS configuration options
  - SCTP filtering capabilities
  - Diameter protocol inspection
  - IPS signature filter options
  - IPS with botnet C&C IP blocking
  - IPS signatures for the operational technology security service
  - IPS sensor for IEC 61850 MMS protocol
- File filter
  - Supported file types
- Email filter
  - Configuring an email filter profile
  - Local-based filters
  - FortiGuard-based filters
  - Third-party-based filters
  - Filtering order
  - Protocols and actions
  - Configuring webmail filtering
- VoIP solutions
  - General use cases
  - NAT46 and NAT64 for SIP ALG
  - SIP message inspection and filtering
  - SIP ALG and SIP session helper
  - SIP pinholes
  - SIP over TLS
  - Voice VLAN auto-assignment
  - Scanning MSRP traffic
- ICAP
  - ICAP configuration example
  - ICAP response filtering
  - Secure ICAP clients
  - ICAP scanning with SCP and FTP
  - Domain name in XFF with ICAP
- Web application firewall
  - Protecting a server running web applications
- Data loss prevention
  - DLP techniques
  - Basic DLP settings
  - Advanced DLP configurations
  - DLP fingerprinting
  - FortiGuard DLP service
  - Sensitivity labels
  - Exact data matching
  - DLP examples
- Virtual patching
  - OT virtual patching basic examples
  - OT and IoT virtual patching on NAC policies
- SSL & SSH Inspection
  - Configuring an SSL/SSH inspection profile
  - Certificate inspection
  - Deep inspection
  - Protecting an SSL server
  - Handling SSL offloaded traffic from an external decryption device
  - SSH traffic file scanning
  - Redirect to WAD after handshake completion
  - HTTP/2 support in proxy mode SSL inspection
  - Define multiple certificates in an SSL profile in replace mode
  - Disabling the FortiGuard IP address rating
  - Block or allow ECH TLS connections
- Custom signatures
  - Configuring custom signatures
  - Blocking applications with custom signatures
  - Filters for application control groups
  - Application groups in traffic shaping policies
- Overrides
  - Web rating override
  - Using local and remote categories
  - Web profile override
- IP ban
  - IP ban using the CLI
  - IP ban using security profiles
  - Configuring the persistency for a banned IP list
- Profile groups
IPsec VPN
- General IPsec VPN configuration
- Site-to-site VPN
  - FortiGate-to-FortiGate
  - FortiGate-to-third-party
- Remote access
- Aggregate and redundant VPN
- ADVPN
- Fabric Overlay Orchestrator
- Other VPN topics
- VPN IPsec troubleshooting
  - Understanding VPN related logs
  - IPsec related diagnose commands
SSL VPN
- SSL VPN to dial-up VPN migration
- SSL VPN best practices
- SSL VPN security best practices
- SSL VPN quick start
- SSL VPN tunnel mode
- SSL VPN web mode
- SSL VPN authentication
- SSL VPN to IPsec VPN
- SSL VPN protocols
- Configuring OS and host check
- FortiGate as SSL VPN Client
- Dual stack IPv4 and IPv6 support for SSL VPN
- Disable the clipboard in SSL VPN web mode RDP connections
- SSL VPN IP address assignments
- Using SSL VPN interfaces in zones
- SSL VPN troubleshooting
  - Debug commands
  - Troubleshooting common issues
User & Authentication
- User definition, groups, and settings
- Basic authentication with cached client certificates
- LDAP servers
- RADIUS servers
- SAML
- TACACS+ servers
- FortiTokens
- PKI
  - Configuring a PKI user
  - Using the SAN field for LDAP-integrated certificate authentication
- FSSO
- Include usernames in logs
Wireless configuration
Switch Controller
System
- Administrators
  - Local authentication
  - Remote authentication for administrators
  - Administrator account options
  - REST API administrator
  - SSO administrators
  - FortiCloud SSO
  - Allowing the FortiGate to override FortiCloud SSO administrator user permissions
  - Password policy
  - Public key SSH access
  - Separating the SSHD host key from the administration server certificate
  - Restricting SSH and Telnet jump host capabilities
  - Remote administrators with TACACS+ VSA attributes
- Administrator profiles
- Firmware & Registration
  - About firmware installations
  - Firmware labels
  - Upgrading individual devices
  - Upgrading Fabric or managed devices
  - Enabling automatic firmware upgrades
  - One-time upgrade prompt when a critical vulnerability is detected upon login
  - Authorizing devices
  - Firmware upgrade notifications
  - Downloading a firmware image
  - Testing a firmware version
  - Installing firmware from system reboot
  - Restoring from a USB drive
  - Using controlled upgrades
  - Downgrading individual device firmware
  - Downloading the EOS support package for supported Fabric devices
  - How the FortiGate firmware license works
- Settings
  - Default administrator password
  - Changing the host name
  - Setting the system time
    - SHA-1 authentication support (for NTPv4)
    - PTPv2
  - Configuring ports
    - Custom default service port range
  - Setting the idle timeout time
  - Setting the password policy
  - Changing the view settings
  - Setting the administrator password retries and lockout time
  - TLS configuration
  - Controlling return path with auxiliary session
  - Email alerts
  - Using configuration save mode
  - Trusted platform module support
  - Using the default certificate for HTTPS administrative access
  - Configure TCP NPU session delay globally NEW
- Virtual Domains
  - VDOM overview
  - General configurations
  - Configuring global profiles
  - Backing up and restoring configurations in multi-VDOM mode
  - Inter-VDOM routing configuration example: Internet access
  - Inter-VDOM routing configuration example: Partial-mesh VDOMs
- High Availability
  - FGCP
  - FGSP
  - Standalone configuration synchronization
    - Layer 3 unicast standalone configuration synchronization
  - VRRP
  - Session failover
- SNMP
  - Basic configuration
  - MIB files
  - Access control for SNMP
  - Important SNMP traps
  - SNMP examples
- Replacement messages
- Replacement message groups
- FortiGuard
  - Anycast
  - Configuring FortiGuard updates
  - Using a proxy server to connect to the FortiGuard Distribution Network
  - Manual updates
  - Automatic updates
  - Scheduled updates
  - Sending malware statistics to FortiGuard
  - Update server location
  - Filtering
  - Online security tools
  - Anycast and unicast services
  - Using FortiManager as a local FortiGuard server
  - Cloud service communication statistics
  - IoT detection service
  - FortiAP query to FortiGuard IoT service to determine device details
  - FortiGate Cloud / FDN communication through an explicit proxy
  - FDS-only ISDB package in firmware images
  - Licensing in air-gap environments
  - License expiration
- Feature visibility
- Certificates
  - Automatically provision a certificate
  - Generate a new certificate
  - Regenerate default certificates
  - Import a certificate
  - Generate a CSR
  - CA certificate
  - Remote certificate
  - Certificate revocation list
  - Export a certificate
  - Uploading certificates using an API
  - Procuring and importing a signed SSL certificate
  - Microsoft CA deep packet inspection
  - Administrative access using certificates
  - Creating certificates with XCA
  - Enrollment over Secure Transport for automatic certificate management
- Security
  - BIOS-level signature and file integrity checking
  - Real-time file system integrity checking
  - Running a file system check automatically
  - Built-in entropy source
  - FortiGate VM unique certificate
- Configuration scripts
- Workspace mode
- Custom languages
- RAID
- FortiGate encryption algorithm cipher suites
- Conserve mode
- Using APIs
- Configuration backups and reset
Fortinet Security Fabric
- Components
- Security Fabric connectors
- Using the Security Fabric
- Configuring the Security Fabric with SAML
- Security rating
  - Security Fabric score
- Automation stitches
- Public and private SDN connectors
- Endpoint/Identity connectors
- Threat feeds
- Monitoring the Security Fabric using FortiExplorer for Apple TV
  - NOC and SOC example
- Troubleshooting
  - Viewing a summary of all connected FortiGates in a Security Fabric
  - Diagnosing automation stitches
Log and Report
- Viewing event logs
- System Events log page
- Security Events log page
- Reports page
- Log settings and targets
- Logging to FortiAnalyzer
- Advanced and specialized logging
- Sample logs by log type
- Troubleshooting
WAN optimization
- Overview
- Example topologies
- Configuration examples
VM
- Amazon Web Services
- Microsoft Azure
- Google Cloud Platform
- OCI
- AliCloud
- Private cloud
- VM license
- Permanent trial mode for FortiGate-VM
- Adding VDOMs with FortiGate v-series
- PF and VF SR-IOV driver and virtual SPU support
- Using OCI IMDSv2
- FIPS cipher mode for AWS, Azure, OCI, and GCP FortiGate-VMs
- Cloud-init
- TPM support for FortiGate-VM
Hyperscale firewall
Troubleshooting
- Troubleshooting methodologies
- Connectivity Fault Management
- Troubleshooting scenarios
- CLI troubleshooting cheat sheet
- CLI error codes
- Additional resources
Change Log

Home FortiGate / FortiOS 7.4.5 Administration Guide

7.4.5

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