Speed tests run from the hub to the spokes in dial-up IPsec tunnels 7.0.1

In a hub and spoke SD-WAN topology that uses dial-up VPN overlays, QoS can be applied on individual tunnels based on the measured bandwidth between the hub and spokes. The FortiGate can use the built in speed test to dynamically populate the egress bandwidth to individual dial-up tunnels from the hub.

SD-WAN members on a spoke can switch routes when the speed test is running from the hub to the spoke. The speed test results can be cached for reuse when a tunnel comes back after going down.

CLI commands

Allow upload speed tests to be run from the hub to spokes on demand for dial-up IPsec tunnel:

config system speed-test-schedule
    edit <interface>
        set dynamic-server {enable | disable} 
    next
end

<interface>	The dial-up IPsec tunnel interface on the hub.
dynamic-server {enable | disable}	Enable/disable the dynamic speed test server (default = disable).

To limit the maximum and minimum bandwidth used in the speed test, enable set update-inbandwidth and set update-outbandwidth. See Scheduled interface speedtest for more information.

config system global
   set speed-test-server {enable | disable}
end

speed-test-server {enable | disable}

Enable/disable the speed test server on the spoke (default = disable). This setting must be enabled on spoke FortiGates. This enables iPerf in server mode, which listens on the default iPerf TCP port 5201.

Allow an SD-WAN member on the spoke to switch routes when it is on speed test from the hub to spokes:

config system sdwan
    set speedtest-bypass-route {enable | disable}
    config neighbor
        edit <bgp neighbor>
            set mode speedtest
        next
    end
end

speedtest-bypass-route {enable | disable}	Enable/disable bypass routing when doing a speed test on an SD-WAN member (default = disable).
set mode speedtest	Use the speed test to select the neighbor.

Manually run uploading speed test on the physical interfaces of each tunnel of an dial-up IPsec interface:

execute speed-test-dynamic <interface> <tunnel_name> <'y'/'n'> <max-out> <min-out>

<interface>	IPsec phase1 interface name.
<tunnel_name>	The tunnel name, or all for all tunnels.
<'y'/'n'>	Apply the result to the tunnels' shaper or not.
<max-out>	The maximum speed used in a speed test, in kbps.
<min-out>	The minimum speed used in a speed test, in kbps.

Manually run a non-blocking uploading speed test:

diagnose netlink interface speed-test-tunnel <interface> <tunnel_name>

Debug and test commands:

diagnose debug application speedtest <int>	Enable debug of the speed test module in the forticron daemon.
diagnose debug application speedtestd <int>	Enable debug of the speed test server daemon.
diagnose test application forticron 9	List the scheduled speed tests.
diagnose test application forticron 10	Show the cached speed test results.
diagnose test application forticron 11	Write the cached speed test results to disk.
diagnose test application forticron 12	Load the speed test results from disk.
diagnose test application forticron 99	Cancel all pending speed tests.

Example

In this example, the hub is configured as a VPN dial-up server and both of the spokes are connected to the hub. It is assumed that the VPN configuration is already done, with a dynamic gateway type and kernel device creation (net-device) disabled. Only one SD-WAN interface is used, so there is only one VPN overlay member in the SD-WAN zone. Multiple WAN interfaces and VPN overlays could be used.

The VPN interfaces and IP addresses are:

FortiGate	Interface	IP Address
FGT_A (Hub)	hub-phase1	10.10.100.254
FGT_B (Spoke)	spoke11-p1	10.10.100.2
FGT_D (Spoke)	spoke21-p1	10.10.100.3

A recurring speed test is configured that runs on the hub over the dial-up interfaces. The speed tests are performed over the underlay interface from the hub to the spoke. Each spoke is configured to operate as a speed test server and to allow the speed test to run on its underlay interface. The spokes establish BGP peering with the hub over the VPN interface, and advertises its loopback network to the hub. The specific configuration is only shown for FGT_B.

When the speed test is running, routing through the VPN overlay can be bypassed, and route maps are used to filter the routes that are advertised to peers. The spoke's route map does not advertise any routes to the peer, forcing the hub to use others paths to reach the spoke's network.

When no speed tests are running, the spoke's route map allows its network to be advertised on the hub.

When the speed test is complete, the measured egress bandwidth is dynamically applied to the VPN tunnel on the hub, and the result is cached for future use, in case the tunnel is disconnected and reconnected again.

To configure the hub FortiGate (FGT_A):

1. Configure a shaping profile:

   config firewall shaping-profile
       edit "profile_1"
           config shaping-entries
               edit 1
                   set class-id 2
                   set priority low
                   set guaranteed-bandwidth-percentage 10
                   set maximum-bandwidth-percentage 10
               next
           end
           set default-class-id 2
       next
   end

   Three classes are used in the profile for low, medium, and high priority traffic. Each class is assigned a guaranteed and maximum bandwidth as a percentage of the measured bandwidth from the speed test.

2. Use the shaping profile in the interface:

   config system interface
       edit "hub-phase1"
           set egress-shaping-profile "profile_1"
       next
   end

3. Configure a schedule to use for the speed tests:

   config firewall schedule recurring
       edit "speedtest_recurring"
           set start 01:00
           set end 23:00
           set day monday tuesday wednesday thursday friday saturday
       next
   end

4. Configure the speed test schedule:

   config system speed-test-schedule
       edit "hub-phase1"
           set schedules "speedtest_recurring"
           set dynamic-server enable
       next
   end

To configure the spoke FortiGates (FGT_B and FGT_D):

1. Enable the speed test daemon:

   config system global
       set speedtest-server enable
   end

2. Allow speed tests on the interface:

   config system interface
       edit "port1"
           append allowaccess speed-test
       next
   end

3. Configure SD-WAN with bypass routing enabled for speed tests on member spoke11-p1:

   config system sdwan
       set speedtest-bypass-routing enable
       config members
           edit 1
               set interface "spoke11-p1"
           next
       end
       config neighbor
           edit "10.10.100.254"
               set member 1
               set mode speedtest
           next
       end
   end

4. Configure BGP routing:

   config router route-map
       edit "No_Speed-Test"
           config rule
               edit 1
                   set action permit
               next
           end
       next
       edit "Start_Speed-Test"
           config rule
               edit 1
                   set action deny
               next
           end
       next
   end

   config router bgp
       set as 65412
       config neighbor
           edit "10.10.100.254"
               set remote-as 65412
               set route-map-out "Start_Speed-Test"set route-map-out-preferable "No_Speed-Test"
           next
       end
       config network
           edit 1
               set prefix 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
           next
           edit 2
               set prefix 10.1.100.0 255.255.255.0
           next
       end
   end

To manually run the speed test:

# execute speed-test-dynamic hub-phase1 all y 1000 100
Start testing the speed of each tunnel of hub-phase1
[6400d9] hub-phase1_0: physical_intf=port1, local_ip=172.16.200.1, server_ip=172.16.200.2
Wait for test 6400d9 to finish...
Speed-test result for test ID 6400d9:
    Completed
    measured upload bandwidth is 1002 kbps
    measured time Sun Jun 20 15:56:34 2021

The tested out-bandwidth is more than the set maximum accepted value 1000. Will update the tunnel's shaper by the set update-outbandwidth-maximum.
Apply shaping profile 'profile_1' with bandwidth 1000 to tunnel hub-phase1_0 of interface hub-phase1
[6400e0] hub-phase1_1: physical_intf=port1, local_ip=172.16.200.1, server_ip=172.16.200.4
Wait for test 6400e0 to finish...
Speed-test result for test ID 6400e0:
    Completed
    measured upload bandwidth is 1002 kbps
    measured time Sun Jun 20 15:56:39 2021

The tested out-bandwidth is more than the set maximum accepted value 1000. Will update the tunnel's shaper by the set update-outbandwidth-maximum.
Apply shaping profile 'profile_1' with bandwidth 1000 to tunnel hub-phase1_1 of interface hub-phase1

# diagnose netlink interface speed-test-tunnel hub-phase1 all
send speed test request for tunnel 'hub-phase1_0' of 'hub-phase1': 172.16.200.1 -> 172.16.200.2
send speed test request for tunnel 'hub-phase1_1' of 'hub-phase1': 172.16.200.1 -> 172.16.200.4

Results

1. Before the speed test starts, FGT_A can receive the route from FGT_B by BGP:

   # get router info routing-table bgp
   Routing table for VRF=0
   B       2.2.2.2/32 [200/0] via 10.10.100.2 (recursive via 172.16.200.2, hub-phase1), 00:00:10
   B       10.1.100.0/24 [200/0] via 10.10.100.2 (recursive via 172.16.200.2, hub-phase1), 00:00:10

2. At the scheduled time, the speed test starts for the hub-phase1 interface from hub to spoke:

   # diagnose test application forticron 9
   Speed test schedules:
       Interface     Server     Update    Up/Down-limit (kbps)                Days        H:M     TOS     Schedule
   ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       hub-phase1    dynamic                                                  1111111    14:41    0x00    speedtest_recurring
   Active schedules:
           64002f: hub-phase1(port1) 172.16.200.2     hub-phase1_1 
           64002e: hub-phase1(port1) 172.16.200.4     hub-phase1_0

   The diagnose debug application speedtest -1 command can be used on both the hub and spokes to check the speed test execution.

3. While the speed test is running, FGT_A does not receive the route from FGT_B by BGP:

   #  get router info routing-table bgp
   Routing table for VRF=0

4. Speed tests results can be dynamically applied to the dial-up tunnel for egress traffic shaping:

   # diagnose vpn tunnel list
   ------------------------------------------------------
   name=hub-phase1_0 ver=2 serial=c 172.16.200.1:0->172.16.200.4:0 tun_id=172.16.200.4 dst_mtu=1500 dpd-link=on remote_location=0.0.0.0 weight=1
   ...
   egress traffic control:
           bandwidth=737210(kbps) lock_hit=0 default_class=2 n_active_class=3     
           class-id=2      allocated-bandwidth=73720(kbps)         guaranteed-bandwidth=73720(kbps)
                           max-bandwidth=73720(kbps)       current-bandwidth=0(kbps)
                           priority=low    forwarded_bytes=52
                           dropped_packets=0       dropped_bytes=0
           class-id=3      allocated-bandwidth=221163(kbps)        guaranteed-bandwidth=221162(kbps)
                           max-bandwidth=294883(kbps)      current-bandwidth=0(kbps)
                           priority=medium         forwarded_bytes=0
                           dropped_packets=0       dropped_bytes=0
           class-id=4      allocated-bandwidth=442325(kbps)        guaranteed-bandwidth=147441(kbps)
                           max-bandwidth=442325(kbps)      current-bandwidth=0(kbps)
                           priority=high   forwarded_bytes=0
                           dropped_packets=0       dropped_bytes=0
   ------------------------------------------------------
   name=hub-phase1_1 ver=2 serial=d 172.16.200.1:0->172.16.200.2:0 tun_id=172.16.200.2 dst_mtu=1500 dpd-link=on remote_location=0.0.0.0 weight=1
   ...
   egress traffic control:
           bandwidth=726813(kbps) lock_hit=0 default_class=2 n_active_class=3  
           class-id=2      allocated-bandwidth=72681(kbps)         guaranteed-bandwidth=72681(kbps)              
                           max-bandwidth=72681(kbps)       current-bandwidth=0(kbps)
                           priority=low    forwarded_bytes=123
                           dropped_packets=0       dropped_bytes=0
           class-id=3      allocated-bandwidth=218044(kbps)        guaranteed-bandwidth=218043(kbps)
                           max-bandwidth=290725(kbps)      current-bandwidth=0(kbps)
                           priority=medium         forwarded_bytes=0
                           dropped_packets=0       dropped_bytes=0
           class-id=4      allocated-bandwidth=436087(kbps)        guaranteed-bandwidth=145362(kbps)
                           max-bandwidth=436087(kbps)      current-bandwidth=0(kbps)
                           priority=high   forwarded_bytes=0
                           dropped_packets=0       dropped_bytes=0

5. Speed test results can be cached, indexed, and written to disk:

   # diagnose test application forticron 10
   Speed test results:
   1: vdom=root, phase1intf=hub-phase1, peer-id='spoke11-p1', bandwidth=737210, last_log=1624226603
   2: vdom=root, phase1intf=hub-phase1, peer-id='spoke21-p1', bandwidth=726813, last_log=1624226614
   

   # diagnose test application forticron 11
   Write 2 logs to disk.
   

   # diagnose test application forticron 12
   load 2 results.

   Disable then reenable the IPsec VPN tunnel and the cached speed test results can be applied to the tunnel again:

   # diagnose vpn tunnel  list
   ------------------------------------------------------
   name=hub-phase1_0 ver=2 serial=c 172.16.200.1:0->172.16.200.4:0 tun_id=172.16.200.4 dst_mtu=1500 dpd-link=on remote_location=0.0.0.0 weight=1
   ...
   egress traffic control:
           bandwidth=737210(kbps) lock_hit=0 default_class=2 n_active_class=3
   ------------------------------------------------------
   name=hub-phase1_1 ver=2 serial=d 172.16.200.1:0->172.16.200.2:0 tun_id=172.16.200.2 dst_mtu=1500 dpd-link=on remote_location=0.0.0.0 weight=1
   ...
   egress traffic control:
           bandwidth=726813(kbps) lock_hit=0 default_class=2 n_active_class=3