Configuring API gateway rules
To restrict API access, you can configure certain rules involving API key verification, API key carryover, API user grouping, sub-URL setting, and specified actions FortiWeb will take in case of any API call violation.
To create an API gateway rule
- Go to API Gateway > API Gateway Policy, and select the API Gateway Rule tab.
- Click Create New.
- Configure these settings:
Name Type a unique name that can be referenced in other parts of the configuration. Host Status Enable to apply this rule only to HTTP requests for specific web hosts. Also configure Host. Host Select the name of a protected host that the Host: fieldof an HTTP request must be in to match the API gateway rule.
This option is available only if Host Status is enabled. - Click OK.
- For Match URL Prefixes, configure the URL prefixes to be routed to the backend.
- Click Create New.
- Enter the Frontend Prefix; the frontend prefix is the URL path in a client call, for example,
/fortiweb/, the URL is like thishttps://172.22.14.244/fortiweb/example.json?param=value. - Enter the Backend Prefix; the backend prefix is the path which the client request will be replaced with, for example,
/api/v1.0/System/Status/.
After the URL rewriting, the URL is like thishttps://10.200.3.183:90/api/v1.0/System/Status/example.json?param=value. - Click OK.
You can enter multiple URL prefixes, which means multiple URL paths may math the API gateway rule.
| Attach HTTP Header | Insert specific header lines into HTTP header. |
| API Key Verification | When an user makes an API request, the API key will be included in HTTP header or parameter, FortiWeb obtains the API key from the request. When this option is enabled, FortiWeb verifies the key to check whether the key belongs to an valid API user. |
| API Key Carried in |
Indicate where FortiWeb can find your API key in HTTP request:
Available only when API Key Verification is Enable. |
| Parameter Name | Enter the parameter name in which FortiWeb can find the API key when API Key Carried in is HTTP Parameter. Available only when API Key Verification is Enable. |
| Header Field Name | Enter the header filed name in which FortiWeb can find the API key when API Key Carried in is HTTP Header. Available only when API Key Verification is Enable. |
| Allow User Group | Select a user group created in API User > API User Group to define which users have the persmission to access the API. Available only when API Key Verification is Enable. |
| Rate Limit | Type the number of API call requests in a certain number of seconds. |
- Click Create New.
- Configure these settings:
HTTP Method Select the HTTP method from the drop down list. Type Select whether the URL Expression field must contain either:
Simple String—The field is a string that the request URL must exactly.
Regular Expression—The field is a regular expression that defines a set of matching URLs.
URL Expression Depending on your selection in Type, enter either:
The literal URL, such as
/index.php, that the HTTP request must contain in order to match the input rule. The URL must begin with a backslash ( / ).A regular expression, such as
^/*.php, matching all and only the URLs to which the input rule should apply. The pattern does not require a slash ( / ).; however, it must at least match URLs that begin with a slash, such as/index.cfm.
When you have finished typing the regular expression, click the >> (test) icon.
This opens the Regular Expression Validator window where you can finetune the expression. For details, see Appendix D: Regular expressions
API Key Verification When an user makes an API request, the API key will be included in HTTP header or parameter, FortiWeb obtains the API key from the request. When this option is enabled, FortiWeb verifies the key to check whether the key belongs to an valid API user. Inherit API Key Setting When this option is enabled, you don't need to specify where the API key is carried. Instead, the Sub-URL settings will follow that in Request Settings.
Available only when API Key Verification is Enable.API Key Carried in Indicate where FortiWeb can find your API key in HTTP request:
HTTP Parameter
HTTP Header
Available only when API Key Verification is Enable and Inherit API Key Setting is Disable.
Parameter Name Enter the parameter name in which FortiWeb can find the API key when API Key Carried in is HTTP Parameter.
Available only when API Key Verification is Enable and Inherit API Key Setting is Disable.Header Field Name Enter the header filed name in which FortiWeb can find the API key when API Key Carried in is HTTP Header.
Available only when API Key Verification is Enable and Inherit API Key Setting is Disable.Allow User Group Select a user group created in API User > API User Group to define which users can make the requests.
Available only when API Key Verification is Enable.Rate Limit Type the number of API call requests in a certain number of seconds. - Click OK.
Note: When API request matches both the frontend prefix and sub-URL, the settings in Sub-URL Settings will dominate those in Request Settings.
- Configure these settings.
Action Select which action FortiWeb will take when it detects a violation of the policy:
Alert—Accept the connection and generate an alert email and/or log message.
Alert & Deny—Block the request (or reset the connection) and generate an alert and/or log message.
Deny (no log)—Block the request (or reset the connection).
Period Block—Block subsequent requests from the client for a number of seconds. Also configure Block Period.
The default value is Alert.
Block Period Enter the number of seconds that you want to block subsequent requests from a client after FortiWeb detects that the client has violated the policy. The valid range is 1–10,000. The default value is 60.
This setting is available only if Action is set to Period Block.Severity When policy violations are recorded in the attack log, each log message contains a Severity Level (
severity_level) field. Select which severity level FortiWeb will use when it logs a violation of the policy:- Informative
- Low
- Medium
- High
The default value is Low.
Trigger Policy Select the trigger, if any, that FortiWeb will use when it logs and/or sends an alert email about a violation of the policy. For details, see Viewing log messages. - Click OK.
To apply the rule in API gateway policy, see Configuring API gateway policy.