Lowest cost (SLA) strategy

When using Lowest Cost (SLA) mode (sla in the CLI), SD-WAN will choose the lowest cost link that satisfies SLA to forward traffic. The lowest possible cost is 0. If multiple eligible links have the same cost, the Interface preference order will be used to select a link.

In this example, your wan1 and wan2 SD-WAN interfaces connect to two ISPs that both go to the public internet. The cost of wan2 is less than that of wan1. You want to configure Gmail services to use the lowest cost interface, but the link quality must meet a standard of latency: 10ms, and jitter: 5ms.

To configure an SD-WAN rule to use Lowest Cost (SLA):

1. On the FortiGate, add wan1 and wan2 as SD-WAN members, then add a policy and static route. See SD-WAN quick start for details.
2. Go to Network > SD-WAN, select the Performance SLAs tab, and click Create New.
3. Enter a name for the performance SLA, such as google, and set the Server to google.com.
4. Enable SLA Target. Set the Latency threshold to 10 ms, and the Jitter threshold to 5 ms. See Health checks for more details.
5. Click OK.
6. Go to Network > SD-WAN, select the SD-WAN Rules tab, and click Create New.
7. Enter a name for the rule, such as gmail.
8. Configure the following settings:

   

   Internet Service	Google-Gmail
   Strategy	Lowest Cost (SLA)
   Interface preference	wan1 and wan2
   Required SLA target	google

9. Click OK.

To configure an SD-WAN rule to use SLA:

config system sdwan
    config members
        edit 1
            set interface "wan1"
            set cost 10
        next
        edit 2
            set interface "wan2"
            set cost 5
        next
    end
    config health-check
        edit "google"
            set server "google.com"
            set members 1 2
            config sla
                edit 1
                    set latency-threshold 10
                    set jitter-threshold 5
                next
            end
        next
    end
    config service
        edit 1
            set name "gmail"
            set mode sla
            set internet-service enable
            set internet-service-id 65646
            config sla
                edit "google"
                    set id 1
                next
            end
            set priority-members 1 2
        next
    end
end

If no SD-WAN zone is specified, members are added to the default virtual-wan-link zone.

The CLI command set minimum-sla-meet-members allows you to specify the number of links that must meet SLA for the rule to take effect. If the number of members is less than the minimum set with this command, the rule will not take effect.

To diagnose the performance SLA status:

FGT # diagnose sys sdwan health-check status
Health Check(google):
Seq(1): state(alive), packet-loss(0.000%) latency(14.563), jitter(4.334) sla_map=0x0
Seq(2): state(alive), packet-loss(0.000%) latency(12.633), jitter(6.265) sla_map=0x0

FGT # diagnose sys sdwan service4 1
Service(1): Address Mode(IPV4) flags=0x0

    TOS(0x0/0x0), Protocol(0: 1->65535), Mode(sla)
    Members:<<BR>>

        1: Seq_num(2), alive, sla(0x1), cfg_order(1), selected
        2: Seq_num(1), alive, sla(0x1), cfg_order(0), selected

    Internet Service: Google.Gmail(65646)

When both wan1 and wan2 meet the SLA requirements, Gmail traffic will only use wan2. If only wan1 meets the SLA requirements, Gmail traffic will only use wan1, even though it has a higher cost. If neither interface meets the requirements, wan2 will be used.

If both interface had the same cost and both met the SLA requirements, the first link configured in set priority-members would be used.

Load balancing strategy with SLA targets

SD-WAN rules can be configured to load balance traffic out of all the interfaces that satisfy the SLA target.

The load balancing strategy known as maximize bandwidth (load-balance) prior FortiOS 7.4.1 is now configured within Lowest Cost (SLA) mode (sla) SD-WAN rules.

By enabling load balancing mode (set load-balance enable) inside the lowest cost SD-WAN rule, SD-WAN will choose all of the links that satisfy the SLA target to forward traffic based on a load balancing algorithm. The load balancing algorithm, or hash method, can be one of the following:

round-robin	All traffic is distributed to selected interfaces in equal portions and circular order. This is the default method, and the only option available when using the GUI.
source-ip-based	All traffic from a source IP is sent to the same interface.
source-dest-ip-based	All traffic from a source IP to a destination IP is sent to the same interface.
inbandwidth	All traffic is distributed to a selected interface with most available bandwidth for incoming traffic.
outbandwidth	All traffic is distributed to a selected interface with most available bandwidth for outgoing traffic.
bibandwidth	All traffic is distributed to a selected interface with most available bandwidth for both incoming and outgoing traffic.

When the inbandwidth, outbandwidth, or bibandwidth load balancing algorithm is used, the FortiGate will compare the bandwidth based on the configured upstream and downstream bandwidth values.

The interface speedtest can be used to populate the bandwidth values based on the speedtest results. See GUI speed test for details.

To manually configure the upstream and downstream bandwidth values:

config system interface
    edit <interface>
        set estimated-upstream-bandwidth <speed in kbps>
        set estimated-downstream-bandwidth <speed in kbps>
    next
end

Example

Based on the same topology as the preceding example, your wan1 and wan2 SD-WAN interfaces connect to two ISPs that both go to the public internet. You want to configure Gmail services to use both of the interface, but the link quality must meet a standard of latency: 10ms, and jitter: 5ms. This can maximize the bandwidth usage by using load balancing.

To configure an SD-WAN rule to use load balancing with SLA targets in the GUI:

1. On the FortiGate, add wan1 and wan2 as SD-WAN members, then add a policy and static route. See SD-WAN quick start for details.
2. Go to Network > SD-WAN, select the Performance SLAs tab, and click Create New.
3. Enter a name for the performance SLA, such as google, and set the Server to google.com.
4. Enable SLA Target. Set the Latency threshold to 10 ms, and the Jitter threshold to 5 ms. See Health checks for more details.
5. Click OK.
6. Go to Network > SD-WAN, select the SD-WAN Rules tab, and click Create New.
7. Enter a name for the rule, such as gmail.
8. Configure the following settings:

   

   Internet Service	Google-Gmail
   Strategy	Lowest Cost (SLA)
   Interface preference	wan1 and wan2
   Required SLA target	google
   Load balancing	Enable this setting

9. Click OK.

To configure an SD-WAN rule to use load balancing with SLA targets in the CLI:

config system sdwan    
   config members
        edit 1
            set interface "wan1"
            set cost 10
        next
        edit 2
            set interface "wan2"
            set cost 5
        next
    end
    config health-check
        edit "google"
            set server "google.com"
            set members 1 2
            config sla
                edit 1
                    set latency-threshold 10
                    set jitter-threshold 5
                next
            end
        next
    end
   config service
        edit 1
            set name "gmail"
            set load-balance enable
            set mode sla
            set internet-service enable
            set internet-service-name "Google-Gmail"
            config sla
                edit "google"
                    set id 1
                next
            end
            set priority-members 1 2
        next
    end
end

To diagnose the performance SLA status:

FGT # diagnose sys sdwan health-check status
Health Check(google):
Seq(1): state(alive), packet-loss(0.000%) latency(14.563), jitter(4.334) sla_map=0x0
Seq(2): state(alive), packet-loss(0.000%) latency(12.633), jitter(6.265) sla_map=0x0

FGT # diagnose sys sdwan service4 1
Service(1): Address Mode(IPV4) flags=0x0

    TOS(0x0/0x0), Protocol(0: 1->65535), Mode(load-balance)
    Members:<<BR>>

        1: Seq_num(1), alive, sla(0x1), num of pass(1), selected
        2: Seq_num(2), alive, sla(0x1), num of pass(1), selected

    Internet Service: Google.Gmail(65646)

When both wan1 and wan2 meet the SLA requirements, Gmail traffic will use both wan1 and wan2. If only one of the interfaces meets the SLA requirements, Gmail traffic will only use that interface.

If neither interface meets the requirements but the health-check is still alive, then wan1 and wan2 tie. The traffic will try to balance between wan1 and wan2, using both interfaces to forward traffic.

The maximize bandwidth (load-balance) strategy used prior to FortiOS 7.4.1 is now known as the load balancing strategy. This strategy can be configured under the manual mode and the lowest cost (SLA) strategies. When the load balancing strategy is configured under the manual mode strategy, SLA targets are not used. When the load balancing strategy is configured under the lowest cost (SLA) strategy, SLA targets are used. The load balancing strategy functionality remains the same as the maximum bandwidth (SLA) strategy when it is configured inside the lowest cost (SLA) strategy: load balance traffic out of all the interfaces that satisfy the SLA targets. Interface cost is not considered when selecting the best path when the load balancing strategy is used.