CAPWAP bandwidth formula
The following section provides information on how to calculate the control plane CAPWAP traffic load in local bridging. The formula provided can help estimate the approximate package bandwidth cost. This is important for knowing precisely how much bandwidth is required on a WAN link for a centralized FortiGate managing hundreds of access points.
There are multiple factors that might affect the volume of CAPWAP control traffic, including the number of stations there are and large WiFi events.
The Ethernet/IP/UDP/CAPWAP uplink header cost should be approximately 66 bytes.
The tables below depict basic and commonly used optional CAPWAP bandwidth costs, on a per-AP basis.
Note the following:
- STA: The number of stations associated with the FortiAP.
- ARP scan: Finds hidden devices in your network.
- VAP: The number of VAPS held by the FortiAP.
- Radio: The number of radios (maximum of two) enabled by the FortiAP.
Basic per-AP CAPWAP bandwidth costs
|
Content |
Time (seconds) |
Payload (byte) |
Package bandwidth cost (bps) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Echo Req |
30 |
16 |
(66+16)*8/30=21.86 |
|
STA scan |
30 |
25+20*sta |
(66+25+20*sta)*8/30=24.26+5.3*sta |
|
ARP scan |
30 |
25+18*sta |
(66+25+18*sta)*8/30=24.26+4.8*sta |
|
STA CAP |
30 |
25+19*sta |
(66+25+19*sta)*8/30=24.26+5.1*sta |
|
STA stats |
1 |
25+41*sta |
(66+25+41*sta)*8/1=728.0+328.0*sta |
|
VAP stats |
15 |
40+18*vap |
(66+40+18*vap)*8/15=56.53+9.6*vap |
|
Radio stats |
15 |
25+25*radio |
(66+25+25*radio)*8/15=48.53+13.3*radio |
|
Total: |
908.7+343.2*sta+9.6*vap+13.3*radio |
||
Commonly used optional per-AP CAPWAP bandwidth costs
|
Content |
Time (seconds) |
Payload (byte) |
Package bandwidth cost (bps) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
AP scan |
30 |
25+63*scanned-ap |
(66+25+63*scanned-ap)*8/30=24.26+16.8*scanned-ap |
|
Total: |
932.96+343.2*sta+9.6*vap+13.3*radio+16.8*scanned-ap |
||
|
Enabling WIDS features, LLDP, MESH, FortiPresence, and Client Station Locating Service can lead to additional bandwidth consumption. |
Example:
There are 100 FortiAPs, with 187 stations distributed among them. Each FortiAP holds five VAPs among their radios, and each enables two radios. The basic CAPWAP bandwidth cost would be:
908.7*100+343.2*187+9.6*5*100+13.3*2*100 = 162.51 kbps
Additionally, if two FortiAPs enabled "AP scan", and suppose one scans 99 APs in each scan and the other scans 20 APs in each scan, the additional CAPWAP bandwidth cost would be:
(24.26+16.8*99)+(24.26+16.8*20) = 2 kbps
LLDP protocol
The LLDP protocol is enabled by default when you create a new FortiAP profile. Each FortiAP using that profile can then send back information about the switch and port that it is connected to. You can also manage the LLDP protocol in the FortiAP Profile via the CLI.
To enable LLDP, enter the following:
config wireless-controller wtp-profile
edit <profile-name>
set lldp enable
end